The Great Awakening Of The Antebellum Period - 1524 Words

The Antebellum Period was the time after the War of 1812 and just before the Civil War (Lapsansky-Werner). With the growing cotton plantation in the south, more slaves were needed and more slaves needed to escape (Antebellum Period.). While the Antebellum Period brought the Second Great Awakening and Westward Expansion, it is also known for the uprising of abolition and anti versus pro slavery arguments (Antebellum Period.). The antebellum period was overall a pivotal point in slavery and slave laws with laws like the fugitive slave act of 1851 and the Compromise of 1850 or rebellions like the Underground Railroad. Fredrick Douglass was also very influential in this time because he is a true example of a black abolitionist and his speech changed lives. Another important event in the Antebellum Period was the Abolitionist movement. Abolitionists wanted to abolish, or terminate, slavery because they thought it was unjust and wrong. One of the main reasons for the creation of abolition is the Second Great Awakening (McKivigan). The Second Great Awakening was a religious movement in the 1830s that, among other things, made people see that slavery was a sin and demanded the slaves be emancipated as an act of penance (McKivigan). Another reason for the Abolitionist Movement is the American Anti-Slavery Society. In 1833, William Lloyd Garrison and Arthur Tappan began a huge controversy by founding the American Anti-Slavery Society (Antebellum Period.). The society’s mainShow MoreRelatedAntebellum Period Essay1238 Words   |  5 Pages2017 The Antebellum Period The Antebellum period took place from before the civil war until after the war of 1812, although some historians extend the date. This period was characterized by the rise of abolition and how prosperous and diverse the topic of slavery was.In this period, the economies the northern and southern economies were very different with the rise of cotton as a cash crop in the south and the industrial advancement in the north. The Norths economy in the Antebellum period is characterizedRead MoreThe Changing Place of Women DBQ893 Words   |  3 PagesThe antebellum market revolution transformed a subsistence economy of scattered farms and tiny workshops into a national network of industry and commerce. In other words, it took the work that most people did in their homes, and made them more efficient through factories. On the other hand, the Second Great Awakening was a religious revival characterized by emotional mass â€Å"camp meetings† and widespread conversion. It influenced many things including the women’s movement. Although women were stillRead MoreThe Expansion Of The Antebellum Period1320 Words   |  6 PagesPrior to the Antebellum Period, the United States began to expand its influence to the Midwest. Although there were conflicts regarding the state of slavery, the expansion of land helped the people of America attain cheaper and larger plots of land out west. Due to the fact tha t more land was available within the United States, immigrants had the desire to emigrate to America and establish new ways of life. Since both the Irish and the Germans brought their own ideologies with them, conflicts aroseRead MoreSlavery Argument During The Antebellum Period1171 Words   |  5 PagesSlavery Argument During the Antebellum period, with the emergence of the Second Great Awakening provoked lots of political and social reforms such as abolitionism and changes within the religion of Christianity. However, despite having all of these changes, the creation of the cotton gin was absolutely on of the more significant one because it created a more efficient way to produce cotton, thus needing more labor to operate such machinery. Therefore, whilst the antebellum period is occurring it causedRead MoreThe North And South Regions Of The United States1391 Words   |  6 PagesEach Northern and Southern state has a strong government which is home to a state congress and governor. However, during the antebellum period of the United States everything wasn’t as blissful as it is today. The antebellum period is the period after the War of 1812 and before the Civil War in 1861. Some people may say that the Antebellum period was a period of great awakening with a lot of prosperity because of manufacturing, while others may say it was a dark time in the nation s history due toRead More Antebellum Slavery: The Great North-South Divide781 Words   |  4 Pagesthe antebellum period began, the American Nation was divided into the North and South by many issues but most economic issues arising from western expansion and slavery. While the North had abolished slavery, the South insisted on slavery for the cultivation of their cash crops especially cotton. The south had religious and racial justifications for the institution of slavery and even went so far as to proclaim slavery was for the slave’s own benefit. The North, motivated by the second Great AwakeningRead MoreThe Second Great Awakening And Abolitionist Movement Essay863 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the time period of the American Revolution in 1776, many Americans were influenced by the ideals of the Enlightenment, Deism, and logical thinking. In addition to the growth of rationalism, there was a decline i n the practice of religion. However, starting from around the early 19th century, many religious leaders such as Charles G. Finney and Peter Cartwright began to preach ideas of the Second Great Awakening to reject those of the Enlightenment. This included a rejection of predestinationRead MoreDBQ Womens Rights, The Market Revolution, and The Great Awakening815 Words   |  4 Pagescountry in various aspects, especially in opening new opportunities for women at this time. The Market Revolution and Second Great Awakening affected the evolution of womens role in the family, workplace, and society by expanding their roles and introducing them to reform and the strength of womanhood. During this time of the Market Revolution and the Second Great Awakening, women began appearing as an important m ­Ã‚ ­ember of family life. Women became the leading family member because of her significanceRead MoreThe Civil War Of Slavery1699 Words   |  7 PagesIn the 1800s the Institution of Slavery became very dominant in the United States, but mainly in the South. Due to the climate and their type of economy, their agriculture productions required a great amount of labor that was performed by the slaves. In the south, â€Å"slavery was key to the way of life†1 the majority of the south relied on the slaves to do all of the hard work for them and maximize the profit of their owners. The northern states however had a different type of economy and did not requireRead MoreReform Movements in the United States Sought to Expand Democratic Ideals. Assess the Validity of This Statement with Specific Reference to the Years 1825 to 1850.1698 Words   |  7 Pagesseries of re ligious revivals reinforced American democracy and liberty. The Second Great Awakening was a huge religious reform movement that sought to re-captivate religious interest in America. One of its new breakthroughs is its representation of democratic ideas, or: â€Å"a reworking of traditional religious institutions to better match the average American’s sensibilities and frontier lifestyles (Second Great Awakening).† In this attempt to capture interest, this new theology differed from the previous

Shakespeares Hamlet - Observations of Madness Essay

Hamlet: Observations of Madness One of the most analyzed plays in existence is the tragedy Hamlet, with its recurring question: Is Hamlet’s antic disposition feigned or real? In truth, this question can only be answered by observing the thoughts of the main characters in relation to the cause of Hamlet real or feigned madness. In the tragedy Hamlet, each of the main characters explains Hamlets madness in their own unique way. To discover the cause behind the madness of Hamlet, each character used their own ambitions, emotions and interpretations of past events. Characters tried to explain Hamlets antic disposition by means of association to thwarted ambition, heartbreaking anguish, and denied love. In the†¦show more content†¦Continuing on, Rosencrantz: Why then, your ambition makes it one; tis too narrow for your mind. Hamlet: O God, I could be bounded in a nut shell and count myself a king of infinite space, were it not that I have bad dreams. Guildenstern: Which dreams indeed are ambition, for the very substance of the ambitious is merely the shadow of a dream. Hamlet: A dream itself is but a shadow. Rosencrantz: Truly, and I hold ambition of so airy and light a quality that it is but a shadows shadow. (Act II scene II) From the start of the discussion, Rosencrantz believes that it is Hamlet’s denied ambitions that creates Hamlet’s negative view of everything around him, including his soon to be kingdom, Denmark. Guildenstern soon jumps onto this bandwagon, and joins Rosencrantz in explaining to Hamlet that it is denied ambition that is the cause of all his troubles. For their efforts, Hamlet latter uses the same â€Å"cause† to dismiss Rosencrantz’s questions: Rosencrantz: Good my lord, what is your cause of distemper? You do, surely, bar the door upon your own liberty, if you deny your griefs to your friend. Hamlet: Sir, I lack advancement. Rosencrantz: How can that be, when you have the voice of the king himself for your succession in Denmark?Show MoreRelatedHamlet and New Historicism795 Words   |  4 Pages William Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, written between 1599 and 1602, is a tragedy that has become an iconic example of madness, paranoia, romance, blood thirst, and the supernatural. Hamlet sees his father’s ghost and discovers that his father, the former King of Denmark, was poisoned by his brother Claudius. As the plot unfolds, Hamlet appears to be crazed as his paranoia and suspicions overcome him. Claudius sends Hamlet away to England to be murdered when he suspects that Hamlet is on to himRead More Comparing Shakespeares Hamlet and Marlowe of Conrads Heart of Darkness1192 Words   |  5 PagesComparing Shakespeares Hamlet and Marlowe of Conrads Heart of Darkness Prince Hamlet, of Shakespeares famed tragedy, and Marlowe of Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness, are similarly situated characters. Despite superficially different settings and plots, there is a remarkably similar thematic element shared between both works. Prince Hamlet and Marlowe are brought to the very brink of insanity by their immersion in worlds gone mad, yet still succeed. At their roots, theRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare Essay1636 Words   |  7 PagesMr. Levine English 101 Research Paper Hamlet Hamlet is categorized as one of the greatest plays ever written. In the play the main character Prince Hamlet has a very complicated character. As the play goes along Hamlet displays a wide range of emotions through his actions and his words. With doing this, it creates controversy amongst the critics and readers of the play. They find it difficult to come to a conclusion of whether Hamlet s â€Å"madness† is sincere or if he is simply a fakeRead More Foils as Reflections of Hamlet Essay1042 Words   |  5 Pagesperception of the main characters. In William Shakespeares Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, there is a continuous shifting of the main characters emotions. These emotions range anywhere from madness and rage to grief and sorrow. In Hamlet there is a foil that represents each emotion and behavior that is displayed by the main character- Hamlet.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Laertes holds the most important role as a foil to Hamlet. He represents the rage that boils within Hamlet and the revenge   which he seeks. In many waysRead MoreHamlet Reflections Essay1126 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare’s revenge tragedy Hamlet has endured the tests of time and successfully lived on till our present era due to its exploration of prominent themes and core values which appeal to the human condition and resonate deeply in the contemporary world. Hamlet is open to a myriad of interpretations by a wide range of audiences which may transform throughout the examination of the play and thereby compels the viewer to reflect on its various aspects. Hamlet’s character, the nature of his madnessRead More Franco Zefferellis film Hamlet Essay example941 Words   |  4 PagesFranco Zefferellis film Hamlet Franco Zefferelli’s film, Hamlet, adapted from Shakespeare’s text, Mel Gibson’s Hamlet, struts and frets his life in Denmark, convincing almost everyone that he is â€Å"mad.† The film bases the question of whether or not Hamlet is actually insane almost solely on Gibson’s acting interpretations, but Zefferelli’s editing choices assist in making the point that Hamlet is not insane, but either in a fog of confusion and anger from his grief, or pretending to be madRead MoreTheme Of Madness In Hamlet And Ophelia996 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the centuries, the medicines used to treat madness have varied; however, the ultimate treatment has remained the same: negligence or ignorance. During the 14th and 15th centuries, mental illness was viewed as an inhabitation of an individual by demons or evil spirits; the method utilized to cure this ailment was a combination of exorcism and rituals. The patients were usually placed in hospices then a sylums. During the 16th through 20th centuries, mentally ill patients were not often treated;Read MoreThe Oppression Of Women In Shakespeare And Bram Stokers Dracula1073 Words   |  5 Pages Shakespeare and Bram Stoker write suppression and madness into their female characters who represent the condition of women during their time. Ophelia from Hamlet and Lucy from Dracula are a symbol for all women from both the Renaissance and Victorian era and their actions portray the suppression of the patriarchal system. Throughout the whole play, Ophelia and Lucy walk down the same path as both of them get oppressed by their families and go through an extreme character development while expressingRead MoreHamlet as So Much More Than a Traditional Revenge Tragedy Essay1713 Words   |  7 PagesHamlet as So Much More Than a Traditional Revenge Tragedy Although Shakespeare wrote Hamlet closely following the conventions of a traditional revenge tragedy, he goes far beyond this form in his development of Hamlets character. Shakespeares exploration of Hamlets complex thoughts and emotions is perhaps more the focus of the play rather than that of revenge, thus in Hamlet Shakespeare greatly develops and enhances the form of the traditional revenge tragedy. Read More The Sane Hamlet Essays1192 Words   |  5 PagesThe Sane Hamlet   Ã‚   Hamlet contains the classic argument between whether or not Hamlet is mad, or a sane man under difficult circumstances. Hamlet assumes antic-disposition at times to uncover the truth of his fathers death.   From my perspective I believe that Hamlets actions and thoughts are a logical response to the situation in which he finds himself.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the first act, Hamlet appears to be very straightforward in his actions and thoughts.   When questioned by Gertrude about

Development of the Aztec, Akkadian and Hittite Empires Free Essays

Chris Scarre ( 2013, p.198 ) suggests that the development of imperiums was driven by the desire for security, or for economic addition or by the mere personal aspiration of swayers and elites. To what extent do you hold with this statement? Answer utilizing grounds from, and doing mention to, at least three of the undermentioned imperiums: the Aztec, the Roman, the Chinese, the Akkadian and the Hittite. We will write a custom essay sample on Development of the Aztec, Akkadian and Hittite Empires or any similar topic only for you Order Now The purpose of this paper is to find as to whether I agree or disagree with the above statement. In order to find the extent of agreement/disagreement, a scope of goaded forces will be explored environing the imperiums of the Aztecs, the Akkadians and the Hittites. To get down with, the word imperium will be defined to give a unequivocal apprehension and how it fits into the three aforementioned imperiums. Empire is defined as: ‘a group of states or peoples ruled over by an emperor, empress, or other powerful crowned head or authorities: normally a district of greater extent than a land, as the former British Empire, Gallic Empire, Russian Empire, Byzantine Empire, or Roman ‘ . ( Oxford Companion to Archaeology, 2012 ) Evidence of suggested forces behind the constitution of imperiums and their possible death will be used to back up any agreement/disagreement. The first imperium to be covered is the Aztecs, which existed during the late Post-Classic period, and located in the dumbly populated basin of Mexico. The Aztecs came to command big countries of Mesoamerica North of the Gulf of Tehuantepec and were the last of the Chichimec folk to go forth their place at Aztlan by drouth or overaˆ?population which my have been the driving force to the constitution of the imperium. The desire for wealth seem to hold progressed when the Aztecs served as soldier of fortunes through which a series of confederations and rebellions formed, ensuing in growing of wealth and metropoliss. To farther confirm the rise of an imperium, the Aztecs took control of an country of 200 000 square kilometers with a public of about 10 million. This demonstrates the push for growing in set uping a powerful imperium. Having exp lored the development affecting the growing of the Aztec imperium. The societal complexness every bit good as the handiness of historical grounds of stuff remains are found amongst the ruins stating the narrative as it unfolded at the clip. To confirm archeological grounds I shall concentrate on the capital, Tenochtitlan ( C. AD 1325 ) , which grew to be the largest and most complex metropolis in the new universe. Archaeological grounds suggests that much of Tenochtitlan was destroyed in 1521 or subsequently demolished by the colonial Spaniards. It was non until the terminal of the fourteenth century that several twelve warring metropolis provinces existed, one in peculiar which demonstrates the desire for wealth is that of Mexica-Tenocha having a portion of testimonial from combined military triumphs. Further grounds of the desire for power and aspiration by the swayers during the twelvemonth 1519 whereby the mature Aztec imperium dominated some 400 antecedently independent civil o rders through bullying, confederation, and outright conquest. Such procedures of military, wealth, confederation and land size is for me a requirement to the formation of an imperium. The Aztec imperium at the clip showed no marks of failing, was extremely organised, hierarchal and warlike. With the rise of an imperium came its autumn from grace as the imperium proved delicate and did non last the reaching of aggressive European incomers who efficaciously disrupted the top degree of the societal hierarchy and so broke the coercive forces that held the imperium together. ‘The Aztec Empire came to an disconnected terminal on 13 August 1521, when Hernan Cortes and his Spanishconquistadorstook the Aztec capital and its emperor Montechzuma ( Montezuma ) II ‘ (The Aztec Empire: Guggenheim Museum, 2012 ) .Having explored factors impacting a scope of driving forces, I am certain that Scarre has provided a grade of simplification and has non omitted any factors that do non back up the development of imperiums. Not limited to the Aztecs, the rise of imperiums occurred on a planetary footing which brings us on to the second of the imperiums to be discussed which is the Akkadians. The Akkadians were initiated by the swayer Sargon, who was driven by pitiless aspiration through the conquering of the metropolis of Sumer, developing into an enlargement into the universe beyond. It can besides be argued that the Akkadians were besides driven by economic addition through the connexions with the lands of Dilmun, Magan, and Meluhha. Within this desire for economic addition it can be a plausible and a simplified procedure of economic growing and security for the people. Although the imperium was established, the capital, Akkad, has non been located archaeologically. The statement made by Scarre relies on driving forces and taking into history the Akkadian imperium, the readings made through archeological surveies seem to carry through the procedures required in the development of an imperium. Sargon a nd his replacements besides conquered the great city state of Elba, to obtain goods and natural stuffs. The cardinal site of Troy where a great trade of activity was seen from seven consecutive metropoliss, Troy I to Troy VII clearly demonstrates to lift and autumn of an imperium through natural to warfare. The wealth of Troy was apparent when a monolithic cache of about 9000 objects that have become known as the Treasure of Priam connoting power and wealth but fell merely as the Akkadian imperium did. ‘Archaeological grounds has shown that the Akkadian civilisation collapsed suddenly near 4170 Â ± 150 calendar year B.P. , possibly associating to a displacement to more waterless conditions ‘ ( Cullen, 2000 ) . Although records detailing this are rare, the alterations in regional fruitlessness are preserved in next ocean basins. There is besides grounds of volcanic ash sherds which may hold held a direct but temporal nexus between Mesopotamian aridification and societal prostration. With this sudden displacement to a more waterless status within the part, this may hold besides been a lending factor to the autumn of the Akkadian Empire. Not merely did the imperium prostration from environmental factors but besides by occupying forces from the E. Although I tend to hold with the procedures of imperiums lifting and the drive force behind them, it is more hard to confidently support factors imputing to their ruin. The Akkadian imperium is known to hold risen through conquer ing and economic addition but with two changing factors of natural and semisynthetic forces, we can non presume that warfare or environmental factors played a remarkable portion in the prostration of that imperium. I am non convinced that warfare brought down the Akkadian imperium and am non convinced that environmental factors played a exclusive portion in their death. A cardinal site which besides reinforces the desire for wealth and power. Small is known about the following imperium, the Hittites who were lost to history. What we do know are found on clay tablets (Explore/World Cultures: Hittities British Museum, 2013 ) . It was during the periods from approximately 1650/1600 to 1200 BC that the male monarchs of Hattusha ruled an imperium that reached across the wide lands of Anatolia, widening at times even into the North of Syria. ‘They conquered Babylon, and Troy was seemingly one of their vasals. Besides Egypt and Assyria/Babylonia, the Hittites were the 3rd world power of the Ancient Near East ‘ ( The Excavations at Hattusha, 2011 ) The Hittites as with any other imperium established the capital Hattusa which comprised beginnings of both written and archeological grounds, nevertheless, research into this part is still ongoing. As small is known, one thing nevertheless does come into light which surrounds the aspiration of the male monarch. It was Hattusili I who at the clip became the first male monarch to establish a run in Northern Syria. Such a run implies that the king knew of the importance environing the desire to hold entree to the sea and for the take-over of trade paths. It was through this run that the male monarch was driven strictly by economic addition through trade and power. Due to little other grounds, there is small to indicate to any concrete informations on the degrees of societal complexness either through archeological findings. From what grounds we have, there is no indicant of any complexness of growing giving the feeling of simpleness in the constitution of the imperium. Although the prostration of the Hittites is non really clear, grounds does demo devastation and forsaking which occurred around 1200-1185 BC at the terminal of the bronze age. One other indicant points to about 1200 BC when the imperium was overwhelmed by encroachers, the individuality of whom is unsure but who were likely portion of the general motions of people in the period of agitation in the Mediterranean at the clip. To reason, I can see no disagreement in Scarres statement and to the full support and agree that imperiums were and are still driven by power, economic addition, security and personal aspiration. If we take into history the procedures involved, I do non believe that there are any complexness. Social and proficient ability does nevertheless find the advancement of a civilisation but as with any other imperium, the leading determines its stableness and length of service. The greater the leader, the greater the imperium. Archaeological grounds exists sing imperiums through the Roman and Greek ruins foregrounding the desire for wealth and the push for power through warfare. I can flatly state that I agree with the statement in that imperiums do lift and fall as evidenced with the Roman imperium, the British imperium in India and the three listed above and that all are driven by one manner or another even to this twenty-four hours. ( 1588 words ) Bibliography Asher, N. ( 2012 )The Oxford Companion to Archaeology( 2nd Ed ) Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //dictionary.reference.com/browse/empire? s=t Accessed: 31 January 2014 Cullen H.M. et Al ( 2000 ) A scholarly article on the prostration of the Akkadian imperium from Geology, April 2000, volume 28, no. 4 ; pp.379–382. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //leilan.yale.edu/pubs/files/cullen2000.pdf ( Accessed: 1 January 2014 ) Scarre, J. ( Ed. ) ( 2013 )The Human Past: World Prehistory and the Development of Human Societies3rdEdition London: Thames and Hudson, pp. 454, 455, 456, 457 Scarre, J. ( Ed. ) ( 2013 ) The Human Past: World Prehistory and the Development of Human Societies 3rd Edition London: Thames and Hudson, p. 198 The Guggenheim Museum, Exhibitions-The Aztec Empire-Overview Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //pastexhibitions.guggenheim.org/aztecs/overview.html. ( Accessed 1 January 2014 ) The British Museum, Explore/World Cultures ( 2013 ) [ Hittites ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.britishmuseum.org/explore/cultures.aspx ( Accessed 28 December 2013 ) The Excavations at Hattusha – A undertaking of the German ArchaeoIogical Institute ( 2011 ) Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hattuscha.de/English/english1.htm ( Accessed 31 January 2014 ) 1 How to cite Development of the Aztec, Akkadian and Hittite Empires, Essay examples

Minar-E-Pakistan free essay sample

The minaret reflects a blend of Mughal and modern architecture, and is constructed on the site where on March 23, 1940, seven years before the formation of Pakistan, the Muslim League passed the Lahore Resolution (Qarardad-e-Lahore), demanding the creation of Pakistan. †¢ The large public space around the monument is commonly used for political and public meetings, whereas Iqbal Park area is ever so popular among kiteflyers. The tower rises about 60 meters on the base, thus the total height of minaret is about 62 meters above the ground. †¢ The unfolding petals of the flower-like base are 9 meters high. The diameter of the tower is about 97. 5 meters (320 feet). Badshahi Mosque: †¢ The Badshahi Mosque (Urdu: ? ,) ? or the Emperors Mosque, was built in 1673 by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in Lahore, Pakistan. †¢ It is one of the citys best known landmarks, and a major tourist attraction epitomising the beauty and grandeur of the Mughal era. †¢ Capable of accommodating over 55,000 worshipers. We will write a custom essay sample on Minar-E-Pakistan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is the second largest mosque in Pakistan, after the Faisal Mosque in Islamabad. †¢ The architecture and design of the Badshahi Masjid is closely related to the Jama Masjid in Delhi, India, which was built in 1648 by Aurangzebs father and predecessor, Emperor Shah Jahan. †¢ The Imam-e-Kaaba (Sheikh Abdur-Rahman Al-Sudais of Saudi Arabia) has also led prayers in this mosque in 2007. Mizar-e-Quaid: †¢ The Quaid-e-Azam`s Mausoleum is a prominent and impressive landmark of Karachi. †¢ Nearby are the graves of the â€Å"Quaid-e-Millat†. †¢ Liaqat Ali Khan, the first Prime Minister of Pakistan and the Quaid`s sister, Mohtarma Fatima Jinnah. Faisal mosque: †¢ The Shah Faisal Masjid in Islamabad, Pakistan, is among one of the largest mosques in the world. †¢ It is a state National Mosque. †¢ It is a popular masjid in the Islamic world, and is renowned for both its size and its architecture covering an area of 5,000 square meters with a capacity of 300,000 worshippers. †¢ Turkish architect Vedat Dalokays design was chosen. †¢ Construction of the mosque began in 1976 by National Construction of Pakistan, led by Azim Borujerdi, and was funded by the government of Saudi Arabia, at a cost of over 130 million Saudi riyals (approximately $120 million USD today). It is located at the end of Shaharah-e-Islamabad, putting it at one end of the city and in front of a magnificent backdrop provided by the Margalla Hills. †¢ It is a focal point of Islamabad, and famous and recognized icon of the city. Pakistan monument: †¢ The National Monument in Islamabad, Pakistan is a national monument representing the four provinces and three territories of Pakistan. †¢ After a competition among many renowned architects, Arif Masood’s plan was selected for the final design. The blooming flower shape of the monument represents Pakistans progress as a rapidly developing country. †¢ The four main petals of the monument represent the four provinces (Balochistan, North West Frontier Province, Punjab, and Sindh), while the three smaller petals represent the three territories (Northern Areas, Azad Kashmir and the Federally Administered Tribal Areas). Khyber Pass: †¢ The Khyber Pass, (also spelled Khaiber or Khaybars) (Urdu: ? ) (altitude: 1,070 m or 3,510 ft) is the mountain pass that links Pakistan and Afghanistan. Throughout history it has been an important trade route between Central Asia and South Asia and a strategic military location. †¢ The summit of the Khyber Pass is 5 kilometers (3. 1 mi) inside Pakistan at Landi Kotal and it cuts through the northeastern part of the Safed Koh mountains which themselves are a far southeastern extension of the Hindu Kush range. †¢ For centuries, it has been a trade route between south and north Asi a. †¢ Every stone in the Khyber has been soaked in blood. Rudyard Kipling called it a sword cut through the mountains.